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When Sarah Mullally was announced as the 106th archbishop of Canterbury in October, the choice of the first woman to occupy the role of de facto leader of the Church of England and global Anglican communion was a landmark moment.

Her appointment sent a strong message to those in the pews and pulpits of English parishes and more than 165 countries, a significant proportion of whom still refuse to accept female priests. Eighteen months after Mullally broke down while speaking publicly of institutional barriers and “micro-aggressions” because of her gender, the church’s stained glass ceiling was shattered.

Since her appointment, Mullally has acknowledged the “huge weight of responsibility” of her new role. “As a shepherd, I will strive to be calm, consistent and compassionate to all,” she said in her first presidential address to the C of E’s national assembly, the General Synod, last month. The theme running through her life was “washing feet, serving and caring for others,” she added.

Mullally, a former chief nursing officer who was officially installed in her new post on Wednesday, is regarded as competent and collegial. She is seen as a safe pair of hands, a leader who will steady the ship after years of abuse scandals, declining attendance numbers and bitter rows over sexuality and identity.

Nick Baines, the former bishop of Leeds who appointed Mullally to her first parish priest role, has said she has no pretension to be “saviour of the world” but instead would focus on getting a grip on contentious unresolved issues left by her predecessor, Justin Welby.

“That’s why she’s been appointed: solid, stable,” he said in an interview for a book, Archbishop Sarah Mullally and Ten Urgent Challenges for the Church of England, published last month. “Sarah never comes across as someone who is ambitious. She’s not an ego merchant. She comes across as someone who’s measured, accomplished, and she’s clearly weighed up what she’s taking on.”

In contrast to the Eton- and Cambridge-educated Welby, Mullally attended her local comprehensive and later studied nursing at South Bank Polytechnic. She became a staff nurse at St Thomas’ hospital in London, and is remembered as “kind and pragmatic” by a former colleague.

At the age of 37, she was appointed chief nursing officer for the NHS, a meteoric rise that brought with it a six-figure Whitehall salary and meetings with the prime minister. But five years later she threw it in to become a junior priest earning £17,500.

Tim Wyatt, the author of a newsletter about the C of E, The Critical Friend, writes in the book’s biographical introduction that she is “reserved and private”, “strikingly ordinary”, “quietly competent and reliable”. He and others describe her as a team player, fair, generous and someone who prefers consensus to conflict.

One of the most pressing issues facing her is safeguarding. Criticism over Welby’s failure to respond properly to allegations regarding the serial abuser John Smyth led to him quitting as archbishop in November 2024. Revelations in a C of E-commissioned report on Smyth caused a near-existential crisis in the church.

Since the announcement of her appointment, Mullally has faced criticism from an abuse survivor about her own alleged failures in dealing with his allegations, but a review concluded it was a vexatious complaint. Mullally has pledged to rebuild confidence and trust in the C of E’s safeguarding processes.

Among other challenges that will occupy her are the sense of betrayal felt by equality campaigners over the decision to halt moves towards offering gay couples standalone services to bless their civil weddings; ongoing disagreements about funds earmarked for racial justice and to address the legacy of slavery; how the C of E should respond to the onward march of Christian nationalism; and continuing divisions within the global church.

Some progressive figures inside the C of E fear that Mullally’s natural caution and inclination to consensus could result in an absence of strong leadership on difficult issues.

One reason why some people discounted the likelihood of Mullally being appointed to the top job was her age. She celebrates her 64th birthday this week, the day after her installation as archbishop of Canterbury, and the C of E imposes a compulsory retirement age of 70 on its bishops.

That gives her six years in post, half the time served by Welby. For now, the fractious C of E seems soothed by her unshowy calm and competence. But it is unlikely to be too long before speculation begins about who will succeed her and in what direction that person will take the church.